Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/40232
Title: A primeira experiência de representação orgânica no Parlamento em Portugal (1895-1897)
Other Titles: The first experience of organicist representation in the Parliament in Portugal (1895-1897)
La première expérience de représentation organiciste dans le Parlament au Portugal (1895-1897)
Authors: Leal, Manuel M. Cardoso
Keywords: Political representation of interests;organicism;corporatism;Répresentation politique d’interêts;organicisme;corporativisme;Representação política de interesses;organicismo;corporativismo
Issue Date: 2016
Publisher: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra
Abstract: A primeira experiência de representação orgânica no Parlamento em Portugal ocorreu ao abrigo do decreto de 28/3/1895, que reservava às «classes produtoras» uma quota de 60 deputados (metade do total), limitando a 40 a quota de funcionários públicos e a 20 a de médicos e advogados. Es ta reforma susci tou logo grande oposição, não por causa das quotas, mas por introduzir grandes círculos sem representação de minorias tornando impossível aos partidos da oposição elegerem qualquer deputado, de tal modo que estes partidos se abstiveram na eleição de 1895. Nesta eleição as classes mais representadas foram as dos proprietários agrícolas (31 deputados) e dos interesses da indústria e comércio (17). Em 1896 foram abolidos os grandes círculos eleitorais; e em 1897, depois de uma eleição que ainda manteve as quotas por classes, as quotas foram abolidas por uma nova lei. O falhanço desta experiência organicista deveu-se a duas razões principais: falta de autenticidade, pois foi mais um expediente de luta política, revestido de ideias em voga, do que um projeto coerente; e falta de real necessidade dos interesses que visava defender, os quais depressa perceberam que, estando fora do Parlamento, podiam exercer melhor pressão política.
La première expérience de représentation organiciste dans le Parlament au Portugal est arrivé à l’abri du décret de 28/3/1895, qui reservait aux «classes productrices» une quote de 60 deputés (la moitié du total), limitant à 40 la quote de fonctionnaires publiques e à 20 celle de médicins et advocats. Cette réforme a soulevé une grande opposition, non pour les quotes, mais pour les grands cercles sans répresentation des minorités qui devenaient impossible aux partis de l’opposition l’élection d’un seul deputé. Ces partis s’ont refusé à participer à l’élection de 1895, dans laquelle les classes les plus representées ont étées les propriétaires agricoles (31 deputés) et les interêts de l’industrie et du commerce (17). En 1896 les grands cercles électorales ont été abolis; et en 1897, aprés une élection qui a maintenu les quotes pour classes, ces quotes ont été abolies para une nouvelle loi. L’insuccès de cette expérience organiciste s’a justifié pour deux raisons: manque d’autenticité, car c’était plus un expédient de lutte politique, revêtu d’idées en vogue, qu’un projet cohérent; et manque d’une réelle necessité des interêts qu’elle attendait proteger, parce qu’ils ont compri que, en étant au dehors du Parlement, ils pouvaient faire une pression politique plus efficace.
The first experience of organicist representation in the Parliament in Portugal occurred under Decree of March 28, 1895, which offered to «productive classes» a share of 60 deputies (half of the total), being 40 the maximum share of public servants and 20 of physicians and lawyers. This reform rose a strong opposition, not because of the shares, but due to the large electoral circles without representation of minorities which made impossible to the opposition parties the election of any deputy. These parties refused the election of 1895, in which the most represented classes were rural proprietors (31 deputies) and industry and trade interests (17). In 1896 the large electoral circles were abolished and in 1897, after an election that still maintained the shares by classes, these shares were abolished by a new law. The failure of this organicist experience was due to two main reasons: lack of authenticity, since it was more a political expedient, under trending ideas, than a coherent project; lack of a true need of the interests supposed to be protected, once these interests soon understood they would make a more efficient political pressure being out of the Parliament.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/40232
ISSN: 1645-3530
1647-8622 (digital)
DOI: 10.14195/1647-8622_16_2
Rights: open access
Appears in Collections:Revista Estudos do Século XX

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