Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/40232
Title: | A primeira experiência de representação orgânica no Parlamento em Portugal (1895-1897) | Other Titles: | The first experience of organicist representation in the Parliament in Portugal (1895-1897) La première expérience de représentation organiciste dans le Parlament au Portugal (1895-1897) |
Authors: | Leal, Manuel M. Cardoso | Keywords: | Political representation of interests;organicism;corporatism;Répresentation politique d’interêts;organicisme;corporativisme;Representação política de interesses;organicismo;corporativismo | Issue Date: | 2016 | Publisher: | Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra | Abstract: | A primeira experiência de representação
orgânica no Parlamento
em Portugal ocorreu ao abrigo do
decreto de 28/3/1895, que reservava
às «classes produtoras» uma
quota de 60 deputados (metade
do total), limitando a 40 a quota
de funcionários públicos e a 20 a
de médicos e advogados.
Es ta reforma susci tou logo
grande oposição, não por causa
das quotas, mas por introduzir
grandes círculos sem representação
de minorias tornando impossível
aos partidos da oposição elegerem
qualquer deputado, de tal modo
que estes partidos se abstiveram na
eleição de 1895. Nesta eleição as
classes mais representadas foram
as dos proprietários agrícolas (31
deputados) e dos interesses da
indústria e comércio (17). Em
1896 foram abolidos os grandes
círculos eleitorais; e em 1897,
depois de uma eleição que ainda
manteve as quotas por classes, as
quotas foram abolidas por uma
nova lei.
O falhanço desta experiência
organicista deveu-se a duas razões
principais: falta de autenticidade,
pois foi mais um expediente de
luta política, revestido de ideias
em voga, do que um projeto coerente;
e falta de real necessidade
dos interesses que visava defender,
os quais depressa perceberam que,
estando fora do Parlamento,
podiam exercer melhor pressão
política. La première expérience de représentation organiciste dans le Parlament au Portugal est arrivé à l’abri du décret de 28/3/1895, qui reservait aux «classes productrices» une quote de 60 deputés (la moitié du total), limitant à 40 la quote de fonctionnaires publiques e à 20 celle de médicins et advocats. Cette réforme a soulevé une grande opposition, non pour les quotes, mais pour les grands cercles sans répresentation des minorités qui devenaient impossible aux partis de l’opposition l’élection d’un seul deputé. Ces partis s’ont refusé à participer à l’élection de 1895, dans laquelle les classes les plus representées ont étées les propriétaires agricoles (31 deputés) et les interêts de l’industrie et du commerce (17). En 1896 les grands cercles électorales ont été abolis; et en 1897, aprés une élection qui a maintenu les quotes pour classes, ces quotes ont été abolies para une nouvelle loi. L’insuccès de cette expérience organiciste s’a justifié pour deux raisons: manque d’autenticité, car c’était plus un expédient de lutte politique, revêtu d’idées en vogue, qu’un projet cohérent; et manque d’une réelle necessité des interêts qu’elle attendait proteger, parce qu’ils ont compri que, en étant au dehors du Parlement, ils pouvaient faire une pression politique plus efficace. The first experience of organicist representation in the Parliament in Portugal occurred under Decree of March 28, 1895, which offered to «productive classes» a share of 60 deputies (half of the total), being 40 the maximum share of public servants and 20 of physicians and lawyers. This reform rose a strong opposition, not because of the shares, but due to the large electoral circles without representation of minorities which made impossible to the opposition parties the election of any deputy. These parties refused the election of 1895, in which the most represented classes were rural proprietors (31 deputies) and industry and trade interests (17). In 1896 the large electoral circles were abolished and in 1897, after an election that still maintained the shares by classes, these shares were abolished by a new law. The failure of this organicist experience was due to two main reasons: lack of authenticity, since it was more a political expedient, under trending ideas, than a coherent project; lack of a true need of the interests supposed to be protected, once these interests soon understood they would make a more efficient political pressure being out of the Parliament. |
URI: | https://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/40232 | ISSN: | 1645-3530 1647-8622 (digital) |
DOI: | 10.14195/1647-8622_16_2 | Rights: | open access |
Appears in Collections: | Revista Estudos do Século XX |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
a_primeira_experiencia_de_representacao.pdf | 1.2 MB | Adobe PDF |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.